What are HIV & AIDS? HIV, or human immunodeficiency virus, is a type of virus that infects human immune cells. Over time, immune cells are lost, which weakens the immune system and allows patients to be infected by other viruses and develop several types of tumors.
CAUSE
● RNA retrovirus HIV-1 was probably derived from transmission of a simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) from chimpanzees in Central Africa; a related virus HIV-2 was derived from an SIV found in Sooty Mangebey monkeys from West Africa. ● HIV-1 is the predominant pathogenic retrovirus in human populations; HIV-2 has limited distribution (primarily in West Africa) and tends to be less rapidly immunosuppressive than HIV-1. ● Transmitted by sexual contact, shared needles, blood transfusion, or from mother to child during pregnancy, delivery, or breastfeeding. ● Primary target of infection: CD4 lymphocyte . in advanced cases ● Renal failure , rheumatologic disorders, thrombocytopenia, or cardiac abnormalities
Management Strategies for the Asymptomatic Patient ● Initial testing: CD4 cell count and HIV viral load measured every 3 to 6 months to guide decisions regarding antiretroviral use and prophylaxis against PCP and MAC infection ● Other testing: identifi es previously acquired latent infections that may become reactivated because of loss of T cell function but can be prevented by the use of specific agents ● Serology to Toxoplasma gondii (IgG): ● Clinical infection may be prevented by trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) used as prophylaxis for PCP.
What are HIV & AIDS? HIV, or human immunodeficiency virus, is a type of virus that infects human immune cells. Over time, immune cells are lost, which weakens the immune system and allows patients to be infected by other viruses and develop several types of tumors.
CAUSE
● RNA retrovirus HIV-1 was probably derived from transmission of a simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) from chimpanzees in Central Africa; a related virus HIV-2 was derived from an SIV found in Sooty Mangebey monkeys from West Africa. ● HIV-1 is the predominant pathogenic retrovirus in human populations; HIV-2 has limited distribution (primarily in West Africa) and tends to be less rapidly immunosuppressive than HIV-1. ● Transmitted by sexual contact, shared needles, blood transfusion, or from mother to child during pregnancy, delivery, or breastfeeding. ● Primary target of infection: CD4 lymphocyte . in advanced cases ● Renal failure , rheumatologic disorders, thrombocytopenia, or cardiac abnormalities
Management Strategies for the Asymptomatic Patient ● Initial testing: CD4 cell count and HIV viral load measured every 3 to 6 months to guide decisions regarding antiretroviral use and prophylaxis against PCP and MAC infection ● Other testing: identifi es previously acquired latent infections that may become reactivated because of loss of T cell function but can be prevented by the use of specific agents ● Serology to Toxoplasma gondii (IgG): ● Clinical infection may be prevented by trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) used as prophylaxis for PCP.
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